Umbuzo: Bengilokhu ngizabalaza ukuqonda ukuthi irediyasi yokugoba (njengoba ngishilo) ekuphrintiwe ihlobana kanjani nokukhetha kwamathuluzi. Isibonelo, okwamanje sinezinkinga ngezingxenye ezithile ezenziwe ngensimbi engu-0.5″ A36. Sisebenzisa ama-punch angu-0.5" ububanzi kulezi zingxenye. i-radius nama-intshi angu-4. fa. Manje uma ngisebenzisa umthetho ka-20% futhi ngiphindaphindeka ngamayintshi angu-4. Uma nginyusa ukuvulwa kwefasi ngo-15% (ngensimbi), ngithola amayintshi angu-0.6. Kodwa u-opharetha wazi kanjani ukusebenzisa i-punch engu-0.5″ radius uma ukuphrinta kudinga irediyasi yokugoba engu-0.6″?
IMP: Usho enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nemboni yensimbi. Lona umbono oyiphutha okufanele bobabili onjiniyela nezitolo zokukhiqiza babhekane nawo. Ukulungisa lokhu, sizoqala ngembangela, izindlela ezimbili zokwakheka, futhi singaqondi umehluko phakathi kwazo.
Kusukela ekusungulweni kwemishini yokugoba ngeminyaka yawo-1920s kuze kube namuhla, opharetha baye babumba izingxenye ezinamagophe aphansi noma isisekelo. Nakuba ukugoba okuphansi kuphumile emfashinini phakathi neminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-30 edlule, izindlela zokugoba zisagcwele ukucabanga kwethu lapho sigoba insimbi yeshidi.
Amathuluzi okugaya anembile angena emakethe ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 futhi ashintsha i-paradigm. Ngakho-ke ake sibheke ukuthi amathuluzi anemba ahluke kanjani kumathuluzi eplanethi, ukuthi ukushintshela kumathuluzi anemba kuyishintshe kanjani imboni, nokuthi konke kuhlobana kanjani nombuzo wakho.
Ngawo-1920s, ukubumba kwashintsha kusuka kuma-disc brake crease kuya ku-V-shaped dies anezingqimba ezifanayo. I-punch engu-90 degree izosetshenziswa ne-90 degree die. Ukushintsha ukusuka ekugoqweni kuya ekubunjweni kwakuyisinyathelo esikhulu esiya phambili sensimbi yeshidi. Iyashesha, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi ibhuleki lepuleti elisanda kwakhiwa lisebenza ngogesi - akusekho ukugoba ukugoba ngakunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plate brake ingagotshwa kusuka ngezansi, okuthuthukisa ukunemba. Ngokungeziwe kuma-backgauges, ukunemba okukhulayo kungabangelwa ukuthi i-punch icindezela i-radius yayo endaweni engaphakathi yokugoba yento. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa ichopho lethuluzi kugqinsi lezinto ezingaphansi kobukhulu. Sonke siyazi ukuthi uma singakwazi ukuzuza irediyasi egobile yangaphakathi engaguquki, singakwazi ukubala amanani alungile okukhipha i-goba, isibonelelo sokugoba, ukuncishiswa kwangaphandle kanye nesici esingu-K kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lokugoba esilwenzayo.
Ezikhathini eziningi izingxenye ziba ne-radii ecijile yangaphakathi. Abakhi, abaklami nabadwebi babazi ukuthi ingxenye izobambelela ngoba konke kwakubonakala sengathi sekwakhiwe kabusha - futhi empeleni kwakunjalo, okungenani uma kuqhathaniswa nanamuhla.
Konke kuhle kuze kufike okuthile okungcono. Isinyathelo esilandelayo esiya phambili safika ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 ngokwethulwa kwamathuluzi aphansi anembayo, izilawuli zezinombolo zekhompyutha, nezilawuli ezithuthukisiwe ze-hydraulic. Manje usunokulawula okugcwele phezu kwebhuleki lokucindezela nezinhlelo zalo. Kodwa iphuzu lokukhipha ithuluzi elinembile elishintsha yonke into. Yonke imithetho yokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zekhwalithi ishintshile.
Umlando wokwakheka ugcwele ukweqa kanye nemingcele. Ngokugxuma okukodwa, sisuke ku-flex radii engahambisani yamabhuleki epuleti saya ku-uniform flex radii edalwe ngokugxiviza, ukugxiviza nokunamathisela. (Qaphela: Ukunikezwa akufani nokusakaza; bona izingobo zomlando zekholomu ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe. Nokho, kule kholomu, ngisebenzisa “ukugoba ngezansi” ukuze ngibhekisele kuzo zombili izindlela zokunikezela nezindlela zokusakaza.)
Lezi zindlela zidinga amathani abalulekile ukwenza izingxenye. Yiqiniso, ngezindlela eziningi lezi yizindaba ezimbi ze-press brake, ithuluzi noma ingxenye. Kodwa-ke, zahlala ziyindlela evame kakhulu yokugoba insimbi iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-60 kwaze kwaba yilapho imboni ithatha isinyathelo esilandelayo ekushintsheni umoya.
Ngakho-ke, kuyini ukwakheka komoya (noma ukugoba komoya)? Isebenza kanjani uma iqhathaniswa ne-low flex? Lokhu kugxuma futhi kushintsha indlela ama-radii adalwe ngayo. Manje, esikhundleni sokubhoboza i-radius yangaphakathi yokugoba, umoya wenza “indawo entantayo” yangaphakathi njengephesenti lokuvuleka kokufa noma ibanga eliphakathi kwezingalo ezifayo (bheka uMdwebo 1).
Umfanekiso 1. Ekugoqeni komoya, i-radius yangaphakathi yokugoba inqunywa ububanzi bokufa, hhayi ichopho le-punch. Irediyasi “iyantanta” phakathi kobubanzi befomu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujula kokungena (hhayi i-engeli yokufa) kunquma i-engeli ye-workpiece bend.
Ireferensi yethu iyinsimbi ephansi ye-alloy carbon enamandla angu-60,000 psi kanye nerediyasi eyenza umoya ecishe ibe ngu-16% wembobo yokufa. Iphesenti liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, uketshezi, isimo nezinye izici. Ngenxa yomehluko eshidini lensimbi ngokwalo, amaphesenti abikezelwe awasoze aphelela. Nokho, anembe kakhulu.
Umoya we-aluminium othambile wenza irediyasi ka-13% kuya ku-15% wokuvula ukufa. Izinto ezifakwe emanzini zifakwe emanzini ashisayo zigoqwe futhi ezigcotshwe ngamafutha zinerediyasi yokwakheka komoya ka-14% kuya ku-16% wokuvula ukufa. Insimbi egoqiwe ebandayo (amandla ethu ayisisekelo angama-60,000 psi) akhiwa ngomoya ngaphakathi kwendawo eyi-15% kuya ku-17% yokuvula ukufa. 304 insimbi engagqwali airforming radius ingama-20% kuya ku-22% we-die hole. Futhi, lawa maphesenti anebanga lamanani ngenxa yokuhluka kwezinto zokwakha. Ukunquma iphesenti lenye into, ungaqhathanisa amandla ayo okuqina namandla angama-60 KSI wezinto zethu eziyisethenjwa. Isibonelo, uma impahla yakho inamandla we-tensile angu-120-KSI, iphesenti kufanele libe phakathi kuka-31% no-33%.
Ake sithi i-carbon steel yethu inamandla aqinile angu-60,000 psi, ukujiya okungu-0.062 amayintshi, nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-internal bend radius engamayintshi angu-0.062. Igobe phezu kwe-V-hole yokufa okungu-0.472 futhi ifomula ewumphumela izobukeka kanje:
Ngakho-ke i-radius yakho yangaphakathi yokugoba izoba ngu-0.075″ ongayisebenzisa ukuze ubale izibonelelo zokugoba, izici zika-K, ukuhlehlisa nokususa ukugoba ngokunemba okuthile - okungukuthi uma u-opharetha wakho webhuleki esebenzisa amathuluzi afanele futhi aklame izingxenye ezizungeze amathuluzi asetshenziswa opharetha. .
Esibonelweni, opharetha usebenzisa 0.472 amayintshi. Ukuvula isitembu. Umsebenzisi waya ehhovisi wathi, “Houston, sinenkinga. Kungu-0.075.” Irediyasi yomthelela? Kubukeka sengathi sinenkinga ngempela; siyaphi ukuze sithole enye yazo? Okuseduze kakhulu esingakuthola ngu-0.078. “noma 0.062 amayintshi. 0.078 in. I-punch radius inkulu kakhulu, 0.062 in. I-punch radius incane kakhulu."
Kodwa lokhu ukukhetha okungalungile. Kungani? I-punch radius ayidali i-radius egobile yangaphakathi. Khumbula, asikhulumi ngokuguquguquka okuphansi, yebo, ithiphu lomgadli yiyona nto enqumayo. Sikhuluma ngokubunjwa komoya. Ububanzi be-matrix budala irediyasi; i-punch yinto nje ephushayo. Futhi qaphela ukuthi i-engeli yokufa ayithinti indawo engaphakathi yokugoba. Ungasebenzisa amatrices abukhali, amise okwe-V, noma wesiteshi; uma bobathathu banobubanzi obufanayo bokufa, uzothola irediyasi yokugoba efanayo yangaphakathi.
I-punch radius ithinta umphumela, kodwa akuyona into enqumayo yerediyasi yokugoba. Manje, uma wenza i-punch radius enkulu kunerediyasi entantayo, ingxenye izothatha irediyasi enkulu. Lokhu kushintsha isibonelelo sokugoba, ukufinyezwa, isici sika-K, nokuncishiswa kwe-bend. Nokho, leyo akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu, akunjalo? Uyaqonda - lena akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu.
Kuthiwani uma sisebenzisa amayintshi angu-0.062? Irediyasi yomthelela? Lokhu hit kuzoba kuhle. Kungani? Ngoba, okungenani uma usebenzisa amathuluzi enziwe ngomumo, kusondele ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yemvelo “entantayo” yangaphakathi yokugoba. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi punch kulolu hlelo lokusebenza kufanele kunikeze ukugoba okungaguquki nokuzinzile.
Ngokufanelekile, kufanele ukhethe i-punch radius esondelayo, kodwa engeqi, irediyasi yesici sengxenye entantayo. Uma i-punch radius incane uma ihlobene ne-float bend radius, yilapho ukugoba kuzoba okunganzinzi futhi kubikezeleke, ikakhulukazi uma ugcina usugoba kakhulu. Izibhakela eziwumngcingo kakhulu zizowohloza izinto futhi zidale ukugoba okubukhali ngokungaguquguquki okuncane nokuphindaphinda.
Abantu abaningi bayangibuza ukuthi kungani ubukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo bubalulekile kuphela lapho ukhetha umgodi wokufa. Amaphesenti asetshenziselwa ukubikezela irediyasi yokwakheka komoya acabanga ukuthi isikhunta esisetshenziswayo sinembobo yokuvula elungele ukujiya kwento. Okusho ukuthi, umgodi we-matrix ngeke ube mkhulu noma ube mncane kunalokho okufunayo.
Nakuba ungakwazi ukwehlisa noma ukhuphule usayizi wesikhunta, irediyo ivame ukonakala, iguqule amanani amaningi omsebenzi wokugoba. Ungakwazi futhi ukubona umphumela ofanayo uma usebenzisa irediyasi engalungile. Ngakho-ke, isiqalo esihle wumthetho wesithupha wokukhetha indawo yokuvula ifa eliphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunogqinsi lwempahla.
Okungcono kakhulu, onjiniyela bazoza esitolo futhi bakhulume no-opharetha wamabhuleki. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyawazi umehluko phakathi kwezindlela zokubumba. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izindlela abazisebenzisayo nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Thola uhlu lwazo zonke izibhakela kanye nokufa abanakho, bese uklama ingxenye ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi. Khona-ke, kumadokhumenti, bhala phansi ama-punches bese uyafa ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle ingxenye. Kunjalo, ungase ube nezimo ezithethelelayo lapho kufanele ulungise amathuluzi akho, kodwa lokhu kufanele kube okuhlukile kunomthetho.
Basebenzi, ngiyazi ukuthi nonke niyazenzisa, nami ngangingomunye wabo! Kodwa sezihambile izinsuku lapho ungakhetha khona isethi oyikhonzile yamathuluzi. Nokho, ukutshelwa ukuthi yiliphi ithuluzi ongalisebenzisa ekwakhiweni kwengxenye akubonisi izinga lakho lekhono. Kuyiqiniso nje lempilo. Manje senziwe ngomoya omncane futhi asisadlali. Imithetho isishintshile.
I-FABRICATOR ingumagazini ohamba phambili wokwenza insimbi nokusebenza ngensimbi eNyakatho Melika. Umagazini ushicilela izindaba, ama-athikili ezobuchwepheshe kanye nemilando yamacala eyenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngempumelelo. I-FABRICATOR isebenzela imboni kusukela ngo-1970.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-25-2023